Food and Cooking Vocabulary in English

Ingredients

Let’s start with the building blocks of cooking: ingredients.

Here are some common categories and terms:

Produce: This means fruits and vegetables.

Some examples are:

• • Leafy greens: Lettuce, spinach, kale
  • Root vegetables: Carrots, potatoes, beets
  • Citrus fruits: Lemons, oranges, limes
  • Berries: Strawberries, blueberries, raspberries

Proteins: These are foods that give us energy and help build muscles.

Examples include:

• • Meats: Beef, pork, chicken, lamb
  • Fish: Salmon, tuna, cod
  • Seafood: Shrimp, crab, mussels
  • Plant-based proteins: Tofu, tempeh, lentils

Dairy: These come from animal milk.

Common dairy products are:

• • Milk
  • Cheese
  • Yogurt
  • Butter
  • Cream

Grains: These are seeds from grass-like plants.

Examples are:

• • Rice
  • Wheat
  • Oats
  • Quinoa
  • Barley

Herbs and Spices: These add flavor to food.

• • Herbs are usually the leaves of plants, like basil, oregano, and parsley.
  • Spices come from other parts of plants, like seeds or bark. Examples are cinnamon, pepper, and cumin.

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Cooking Methods

Now that we know about ingredients, let’s look at ways to cook them:

1. Boiling: Cooking food in very hot water. For example, boiling pasta or eggs.
2. Simmering: Cooking food in water that’s hot but not bubbling as much as when boiling. This is good for making soups and stews.
3. Steaming: Cooking food using hot steam. You might steam vegetables or fish.
4. Frying: Cooking food in hot oil. There are different types:
   • Pan-frying: Using a small amount of oil in a pan
   • Deep-frying: Completely covering food in hot oil
5. Sautéing: Cooking food quickly in a pan with a little bit of oil or butter.
6. Roasting: Cooking food in an oven, often to make it brown and crispy on the outside. You might roast a chicken or vegetables.
7. Baking: Cooking food in an oven, usually for breads, cakes, and other desserts.
8. Grilling: Cooking food on a grill over high heat. This is popular for outdoor cooking.
9. Broiling: Cooking food under very high heat in an oven. It’s like upside-down grilling.
10. Braising: Cooking food slowly in a small amount of liquid. This is good for tough meats to make them tender.

Kitchen Tools and Equipment

To cook food, we need tools.

Here are some common kitchen items:

Pots and Pans:

• • Saucepan: A small, deep pot for cooking sauces or heating liquids
  • Frying pan or skillet: A flat, wide pan for frying or sautéing
  • Dutch oven: A large, heavy pot good for soups and stews
  • Baking sheet: A flat metal tray for baking cookies or roasting vegetables

Knives:

• • Chef’s knife: An all-purpose knife for chopping and slicing
  • Paring knife: A small knife for peeling fruits and vegetables
  • Bread knife: A long knife with a serrated (jagged) edge for cutting bread

Cutting boards: Flat surfaces for cutting food. They can be made of wood or plastic.

Measuring tools:

• • Measuring cups: For measuring dry ingredients
  • Measuring spoons: For smaller amounts of dry or liquid ingredients
  • Liquid measuring cup: A clear cup with markings for measuring liquids

Mixing tools:

• • Whisk: Used for beating eggs or mixing batters
  • Wooden spoon: An all-purpose tool for stirring and mixing
  • Spatula: Used for scraping bowls and folding ingredients

Appliances:

• • Oven: For baking and roasting
  • Stovetop: The top part of a stove with burners for cooking
  • Microwave: For quick heating and cooking
  • Blender: For making smoothies or pureeing soups
  • Food processor: For chopping, slicing, and mixing ingredients

Food Preparation Terms

Before we cook, we often need to prepare our ingredients.

Here are some common preparation terms:

1. Chop: Cut food into small, roughly square pieces.
2. Dice: Cut food into very small, even cubes.
3. Slice: Cut food into thin, flat pieces.
4. Mince: Chop food into very tiny pieces.
5. Julienne: Cut food into thin strips, like matchsticks.
6. Peel: Remove the outer skin of fruits or vegetables.
7. Grate: Rub food against a grater to make small shreds.
8. Zest: Scrape off the colorful outer part of citrus fruit skin.
9. Marinate: Soak food in a flavorful liquid before cooking.
10. Season: Add salt, pepper, or other spices to food to enhance flavor.

Cooking Terms

When following a recipe, you might see these cooking terms:

1. Preheat: Turn on the oven before cooking to get it to the right temperature.
2. Cream: Mix softened butter and sugar together until smooth and fluffy.
3. Fold: Gently mix ingredients together, usually with a spatula.
4. Whip: Beat ingredients quickly to add air and make them fluffy.
5. Knead: Work dough with your hands to make it smooth and elastic.
6. Simmer: Cook liquid at a temperature just below boiling.
7. Reduce: Cook a liquid until some of it evaporates, making it thicker.
8. Deglaze: Add liquid to a hot pan to loosen browned bits of food stuck to the bottom.
9. Blanch: Briefly cook food in boiling water, then cool it quickly in ice water.
10. Caramelize: Cook sugar or certain foods until they turn brown and develop a sweet flavor.

Food Description Words

When talking about food, we often describe its taste, texture, and appearance.

Here are some useful words:

Taste words:

• • Sweet
  • Salty
  • Sour
  • Bitter
  • Savory (also called umami)
  • Spicy
  • Tangy

Texture words:

• • Crispy
  • Crunchy
  • Tender
  • Chewy
  • Creamy
  • Smooth
  • Fluffy

Appearance words:

• • Golden-brown
  • Vibrant
  • Colorful
  • Charred
  • Glistening

Dietary Terms

People have different eating habits and needs.

Here are some common dietary terms:

1. Vegetarian: Someone who doesn’t eat meat.
2. Vegan: Someone who doesn’t eat any animal products, including dairy and eggs.
3. Pescatarian: Someone who eats fish but not other meats.
4. Gluten-free: A diet that excludes gluten, a protein found in wheat and some other grains.
5. Dairy-free: A diet that doesn’t include milk or milk products.
6. Organic: Food grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers.
7. Non-GMO: Food that isn’t genetically modified.
8. Paleo: A diet based on foods similar to what might have been eaten during the Paleolithic era.
9. Keto: A high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet.
10. Whole30: A 30-day diet that focuses on whole foods and eliminates sugar, alcohol, grains, legumes, and dairy.

Restaurant Terms

When eating out, you might hear these words:

1. Appetizer: A small dish served before the main meal.
2. Entrée: The main course of a meal.
3. Dessert: A sweet dish usually served at the end of a meal.
4. A la carte: Menu items priced and ordered separately.
5. Prix fixe: A complete meal with several courses for a set price.
6. Specials: Dishes that aren’t on the regular menu and may change daily.
7. Garnish: A decorative addition to a dish, often meant to be eaten.
8. Plating: The way food is arranged on a plate.
9. Al dente: Pasta cooked so it’s still slightly firm when bitten.
10. House-made or homemade: Items made in the restaurant’s kitchen, not bought pre-made.

Conclusion

At first, food and cooking words might feel like a lot to handle, but with some practice, they will start to feel easy.

Remember, cooking is a mix of science and creativity.

Don’t hesitate to try new things and enjoy your time in the kitchen!

As you explore different recipes and methods, you’ll naturally learn more words.

Watching cooking shows, reading food blogs, and chatting with other food enthusiasts will help you keep growing your knowledge.

Soon enough, you’ll be talking about food like a professional chef!

No matter if you’re just starting out or you’ve been cooking for years, knowing these terms will make it easier to follow recipes, understand cooking shows, and read restaurant menus.

So, get ready to dive into the tasty world of food and cooking!

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