How to Build a Strong Foundation in English Literary Theory
How to Build a Strong Foundation in English Literary Theory
Introduction
Learning English literary theory can seem challenging at first. Terms, ideas, and concepts might feel overwhelming. However, building a strong foundation in literary theory can help you understand and appreciate literature more deeply. I will guide you through simple steps to make your journey easier and enjoyable.
1. Understand What Literary Theory Is
Before diving into details, you must understand what literary theory means. Literary theory is the study of how we interpret texts like poems, plays, stories, and essays. It looks at the deeper meanings, symbols, and ideas within literature.
For example, when reading a novel, literary theory helps you think about:
- Why did the author write it?
- What themes does it explore?
- How does it reflect society or history?
Simply put, literary theory is about understanding and analyzing literature in a structured way.
2. Start with Basic Concepts
You don’t need to know every theory at once. Begin with the basics, such as:
a) Plot, Theme, and Character
- Plot: What happens in the story.
- Theme: The main idea or message of the story.
- Character: The people or figures in the story.
b) Point of View
- First-person: The narrator is part of the story (“I”).
- Third-person: The narrator is outside the story (“he,” “she,” or “they”).
c) Symbolism
- Symbols are objects or actions that represent larger ideas. For instance, a “rose” might symbolize love.
3. Familiarize Yourself with Key Literary Theories
Literary theories help you look at literature from different angles. Here are some common ones explained in simple words:
a) Formalism
- Focuses only on the text itself.
- It doesn’t care about the author’s life or the history of the time.
- Example: Looking at how a poem uses rhyme and repetition.
b) Feminist Theory
- Studies how women are represented in literature.
- Asks questions like: Are women shown as strong or weak? Do they have a voice?
c) Marxist Theory
- Looks at class and economics in literature.
- Asks: How are rich and poor people treated? What does the story say about power?
d) Psychoanalytic Theory
- Based on the ideas of Sigmund Freud.
- Examines characters’ minds, desires, and fears.
e) Postcolonial Theory
- Studies literature written during or after colonialism.
- Explores themes of identity, power, and cultural differences.
You don’t need to master all of these right away. Start with one or two and build from there.
4. Read a Variety of Texts
The best way to learn literary theory is by reading different types of literature. This can include:
- Poetry: Read poets like Emily Dickinson or Langston Hughes.
- Plays: Explore works by Shakespeare or Tennessee Williams.
- Novels: Try classics like Pride and Prejudice or To Kill a Mockingbird.
As you read, think about the questions literary theory raises:
5. Use Simple Resources
You don’t have to start with complex books. Use resources designed for beginners. Some ideas include:
- Summaries: Websites like SparkNotes and CliffsNotes offer clear explanations of texts and themes.
- YouTube Videos: Channels like CrashCourse have videos on literary theory.
- Books for Beginners: Look for introductory books such as Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction by Jonathan Culler.
These resources explain ideas in simple language, making it easier to understand.
6. Learn Literary Terms Gradually
Literary theory involves some specific terms. Here are a few common ones:
- Allegory: A story with a deeper meaning, often moral or political. Example: Animal Farm by George Orwell.
- Irony: When the opposite of what you expect happens.
- Imagery: Descriptive language that appeals to the senses (sight, smell, taste, etc.).
Write down new terms as you learn them and review them regularly.
7. Practice Analyzing Texts
Once you understand the basics, practice applying literary theory to texts. Follow these steps:
a) Choose a Text
Pick a short story, poem, or novel you enjoy.
b) Pick a Theory
Decide which lens you want to use. For example:
c) Ask Questions
Think critically. For example:
Practicing will make literary theory feel natural over time.
8. Join Discussions or Study Groups
Learning with others can make literary theory more engaging. Join a group where you can:
- Share your ideas about texts.
- Hear different interpretations.
- Ask questions if you’re confused.
If in-person groups aren’t an option, look for online forums or book clubs.
9. Write About What You Learn
Writing helps you organize your thoughts. Start by:
- Keeping a journal of your ideas about texts.
- Writing short essays about themes or characters.
- Reviewing books or stories you read.
Don’t worry about being perfect. The more you write, the clearer your thoughts will become.
10. Be Patient and Curious
Learning literary theory takes time. You don’t have to understand everything at once. Be patient with yourself and stay curious.
Tips to Stay Motivated:
- Set small goals, like learning one theory a week.
- Reward yourself when you finish a book or theory.
- Remember: Every step you take brings you closer to mastering literary theory.
Conclusion
Building a strong foundation in English literary theory doesn’t have to be hard. Start with basic concepts, learn gradually, and practice often. By staying curious and open to learning, you’ll soon develop a deeper understanding of literature. Remember, it’s not about knowing everything—it’s about enjoying the journey.
Now, pick up a book and start exploring! You’ll be amazed at what you discover.
