Teaching English as a second language is one of the most rewarding jobs you can have. Over my 15 years as an ESL teacher, I’ve worked with students from 15+ countries, taught in classrooms from Tokyo to Mumbai, and helped thousands of learners gain confidence in speaking English. The question I hear most often from new teachers and self-learners is simple: “What are the best resources to teach English as a second language?”
The answer depends on your teaching situation, your students’ goals, and whether you’re teaching online or in person. In this guide, I’ll share the proven resources I use every day in my classes, explain why they work, and show you how to use them effectively. These aren’t just random tools I found online. These are resources that have helped my students go from nervous beginners to confident English speakers.
Why Choosing the Right ESL Resources Matters
When I started teaching English, I made a common mistake. I collected dozens of textbooks, apps, and websites without a clear plan. My lessons felt scattered, and my students seemed confused. Then I learned an important lesson: having fewer high-quality resources is better than having many mediocre ones.
The right teaching resources help students practice real English they can actually use. They focus on speaking, listening, and building confidence, not just grammar rules. Good resources also save you time as a teacher because you don’t need to create everything from scratch.
Poor resources waste everyone’s time. I once used a textbook that taught phrases like “Pardon me, could you direct me to the lavatory?” My adult students wanted to learn practical English for work and travel, not Victorian-era formality. We switched to modern, conversation-focused materials immediately.
Essential Textbooks and Curriculum Resources
Textbooks provide structure, which both teachers and students need. Here are the ones I trust and actually use in my classes.
English File Series (Oxford University Press)
This is my go-to series for general English classes. The English File books come in six levels from beginner to advanced. What makes them special is the balance between grammar, vocabulary, and practical speaking.
Each unit follows a clear pattern: introduce a topic, teach relevant vocabulary, present a grammar point, and then practice through conversation. The listening exercises use natural English with different accents, which helps students prepare for real-world conversations.
I use English File for both in-person and online classes. The online practice component gives students extra homework without requiring me to create worksheets. In my experience, students complete about 70% of the online practice when I assign it, which reinforces what we covered in class.
One weakness: the speaking activities sometimes feel repetitive. I often replace them with more dynamic role-plays based on my students’ actual lives.
Interchange Series (Cambridge University Press)
Interchange focuses heavily on communication skills. The activities encourage students to talk about themselves, their opinions, and their experiences. This makes the practice feel personal and relevant.
I’ve noticed that shy students struggle with Interchange at first because every lesson demands participation. But after a few weeks, they break through their nervousness. The constant speaking practice builds confidence faster than grammar-heavy textbooks.
The series includes clear learning objectives for each unit, which helps students track their progress. Parents and adult learners especially appreciate knowing exactly what they’re working toward.
Grammar in Use Series (Cambridge University Press)
When students need targeted grammar help, I turn to Grammar in Use. The series has three levels: Essential (elementary), Intermediate, and Advanced. Each book explains grammar concepts in simple English with plenty of examples.
What I love about these books is the left-right page layout. Grammar explanation on the left, practice exercises on the right. Students can work independently, which makes it perfect for homework or self-study.
However, these books only teach grammar. They don’t develop speaking or listening skills. I use them as supplements, not as primary textbooks. When a student struggles with present perfect tense, for example, I assign the relevant unit from Grammar in Use alongside our regular speaking practice.
Digital Platforms and Apps for Interactive Learning
Technology has transformed how we teach English. These platforms work exceptionally well for both classroom teaching and independent study.
Duolingo and Duolingo ABC
Duolingo makes learning feel like a game, which keeps students motivated. The app uses short, five-minute lessons that students can complete during their commute or lunch break. This consistency matters more than most people realize.
I recommend Duolingo to beginner students who need to build basic vocabulary and sentence patterns. The app’s strength is making practice habitual. Students who use Duolingo daily for three months typically develop much better pronunciation and word recognition than students who study intensively once a week.
The limitation: Duolingo doesn’t prepare students for real conversations. Students learn to translate sentences but struggle to speak spontaneously. I always pair Duolingo with conversation practice in class.
British Council Learn English
The British Council website offers free resources organized by skill: listening, reading, writing, speaking, grammar, and vocabulary. The materials are professionally made and culturally appropriate.
I particularly appreciate their business English section. Many of my students need English for job interviews, emails, and presentations. The British Council resources cover these practical situations with realistic examples.
The listening exercises include video and audio in different accents (British, American, Australian). This variety helps students understand English speakers from around the world, not just their teacher.
YouTube Channels for English Learning
YouTube has become one of my most valuable teaching resources. I regularly use these channels:
English with Lucy provides clear pronunciation lessons and vocabulary building. Lucy’s British accent is easy to understand, and she explains the differences between British and American English.
Learn English with TV Series uses clips from popular shows to teach conversational English and slang. This helps students understand the casual English they hear in movies and with native speakers.
Rachel’s English focuses specifically on American pronunciation. Rachel breaks down mouth positions and sound patterns in detail. I assign her videos when students struggle with specific sounds like “th” or “r.”
The key to using YouTube effectively: assign specific videos, not random browsing. I create a playlist for each level and send students one or two videos per week with a clear task, like “Watch this video and write three new phrases you learned.”
Explore more interesting topics here:
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Listening and Pronunciation Resources
Listening skills develop slowly. Students need hundreds of hours of input before they can understand natural-speed English. These resources provide that necessary exposure.
Podcasts for English Learners
Podcasts let students practice listening anywhere. I recommend different podcasts based on level:
ESL Pod (for beginners to intermediate) speaks slowly and clearly while explaining vocabulary and cultural context. Each episode includes a learning guide with the transcript and explanations.
6 Minute English from BBC (for intermediate learners) covers interesting topics in short episodes. The hosts speak at a natural pace but use clear language. Students can read the transcript afterward to check their comprehension.
This American Life and NPR podcasts (for advanced learners) feature authentic American English with diverse speakers. These challenge students but expose them to how English really sounds in daily life.
I assign podcast listening as homework with a simple task: listen twice, write down five phrases you heard, and be ready to discuss the topic in class. This accountability increases completion rates significantly.
Movies and TV Series with Subtitles
Watching English-language content with subtitles helps students connect spoken words to written text. But there’s a right way and wrong way to use this resource.
For beginners, I recommend starting with English audio and English subtitles (not their native language subtitles). Reading along while listening helps them recognize words they’ve studied. Shows with clear dialogue like “Friends” or “The Office” work well.
Intermediate students benefit from watching the same episode three times: first with subtitles, second without subtitles, third with subtitles again. This repetition trains their ears to catch words they initially missed.
Advanced students should watch without subtitles and only check subtitles for parts they didn’t understand. This mimics real-world listening where no subtitles exist.
Speaking Practice and Conversation Resources
Reading and listening are important, but speaking builds real fluency. These resources create opportunities for actual conversation practice.
Language Exchange Apps
Apps like HelloTalk and Tandem connect English learners with native speakers who want to learn their language. Students spend half the conversation speaking English and half speaking their native language.
Language exchange works best for motivated, independent learners. I’ve seen intermediate students make dramatic progress through regular exchange partners. However, beginners often struggle because they don’t have enough English to sustain a conversation yet.
The main challenge: finding a reliable partner who actually shows up. I encourage students to try several partners before settling on one or two regular exchange friends.
Online Tutoring Platforms
italki and Preply let students book one-on-one lessons with native English teachers from around the world. Prices range from five dollars to fifty dollars per hour depending on the teacher’s qualifications and experience.
Private tutoring accelerates progress because the entire lesson focuses on one student’s specific needs. I recommend this for students preparing for job interviews, presentations, or English exams like IELTS or TOEFL.
However, quality varies widely. Students should try several teachers before committing to regular lessons. Look for teachers who encourage speaking, correct mistakes gently, and adapt to your learning goals.
Conversation Clubs and Meetup Groups
In-person conversation practice remains incredibly valuable. Many cities have free or low-cost English conversation meetups where learners practice together.
These groups work because students realize everyone struggles with the same fears and mistakes. Speaking English with other learners feels less intimidating than speaking with native speakers. Plus, students practice the turn-taking and listening skills needed for real conversations.
Free Online Resources for Self-Study
Not everyone can afford textbooks or tutoring. These free resources provide high-quality learning materials to anyone with internet access.
Voice of America Learning English
VOA Learning English publishes news articles, videos, and audio lessons specifically for English learners. They speak at 75% of normal speed, which helps students catch every word while still sounding natural.
The news format teaches current events vocabulary and exposes students to formal written English. I assign VOA articles to intermediate students who plan to attend English-speaking universities or work in international business.
Breaking News English
This website publishes weekly lessons based on current news stories. Each lesson includes the article at multiple difficulty levels, comprehension questions, discussion activities, and vocabulary exercises.
What makes Breaking News English special is the variety of activities around one topic. Students can read, listen, answer questions, and discuss, all based on the same article. This repetition helps vocabulary stick in their memory.
I use Breaking News English for upper-intermediate and advanced students who need to develop academic reading skills and formal vocabulary.
Quizlet for Vocabulary Building
Quizlet allows teachers and students to create digital flashcard sets. Students can study with traditional flashcards, play matching games, or take practice tests using the same vocabulary.
I create custom Quizlet sets for each unit we study in class. Students review the sets at home using spaced repetition, which research shows improves long-term retention significantly.
The mobile app makes studying convenient. Students can review vocabulary while waiting for the bus or during their coffee break. Those five-minute study sessions add up to substantial progress over weeks and months.
Pronunciation and Accent Training Resources
Pronunciation determines whether native speakers understand your students. These resources focus specifically on improving clarity and reducing accent interference.
Sounds: The Pronunciation App
This free app from Macmillan Education teaches the individual sounds of English. It includes videos showing mouth position, minimal pair practice (bit vs. beat), and listening exercises.
Many of my students struggle with sounds that don’t exist in their native language. Spanish speakers often confuse “y” and “j” sounds. Chinese speakers struggle with “r” and “l.” This app provides targeted practice for these specific challenges.
I assign specific sound practice based on each student’s pronunciation errors. After focused practice, students record themselves speaking and compare to the model pronunciation. This self-awareness accelerates improvement.
ELSA Speak
ELSA (English Language Speech Assistant) uses AI to analyze your pronunciation and provide instant feedback. Students speak into their phone, and the app scores their pronunciation accuracy.
The gamification keeps students engaged. They earn points for practice and see their accuracy improve over time. Some of my students use ELSA for fifteen minutes daily and see noticeable pronunciation improvement within a month.
However, AI feedback isn’t perfect. ELSA sometimes marks correct pronunciation as wrong, especially with non-American accents. I tell students to use it as practice, not as the final judge of their pronunciation.
Resources for Teaching Children and Young Learners
Teaching kids requires different resources than teaching adults. Young learners need activities that feel like play while building language skills.
Starfall
This website teaches young children to read English through phonics, songs, and interactive games. It’s designed for native English-speaking kids learning to read, but ESL teachers often use it with young learners who are starting from zero.
The colorful animations and immediate feedback keep children engaged. I’ve used Starfall successfully with students ages four to eight who need to build letter recognition and basic phonics skills.
Super Simple Songs
These YouTube videos teach English through catchy songs with clear pronunciation and simple vocabulary. The songs cover topics like colors, numbers, animals, daily routines, and feelings.
Young learners remember songs much better than they remember vocabulary lists. After singing “The Wheels on the Bus” ten times, students naturally remember phrases like “round and round” and “all through the town.”
I use these songs as warm-ups in children’s classes. We sing together, do the actions, and then practice the vocabulary in games and activities. The music makes learning feel fun rather than difficult.
Worksheets and Printable Activities
Websites like ESL Kids Lab and Busy Teacher offer thousands of free printable worksheets, flashcards, and game templates. These resources save enormous preparation time.
I print flashcards for vocabulary introduction, board games for speaking practice, and worksheets for homework. Physical activities work better for young learners than screen time, especially for children under ten.
How to Choose the Right Resources for Your Students
With so many options available, how do you decide which resources to actually use? Here’s my practical framework based on fifteen years of trial and error.
Match resources to goals. If students need conversational English for travel, focus on speaking and listening resources. If they’re preparing for academic study, prioritize reading comprehension and formal writing materials.
Consider your teaching context. Online classes work well with digital resources like apps and video content. In-person classes benefit from physical materials like textbooks, flashcards, and board games. Hybrid approaches often work best.
Start with fewer resources and add gradually. Pick one core textbook or curriculum, one listening resource, and one speaking activity. Master these before adding more. Too many resources create confusion and inconsistency.
Ask for student feedback. After using a resource for a few weeks, ask students what’s helping them improve and what’s wasting their time. Students often have surprising insights about what actually works for them.
Observe real progress, not just engagement. A fun app that keeps students entertained isn’t useful if they’re not actually improving. Focus on resources that produce measurable results in speaking fluency, listening comprehension, or reading speed.
Building Your Personal Teaching Resource Library
As you gain experience, you’ll develop your own collection of trusted resources. Here’s how to build and maintain an effective resource library.
Organize resources by skill and level. I keep separate folders for listening (beginner, intermediate, advanced), speaking activities, grammar practice, and pronunciation work. This organization saves time when planning lessons.
Document what works. When a resource produces great results, write down exactly how you used it and with which students. I keep a teaching journal where I note successful activities and common student mistakes. This reference saves me from repeating past mistakes.
Update regularly. Language learning resources improve constantly. I review my resource collection every six months and remove outdated materials. I also test new resources with small groups before committing to them fully.
Share with other teachers. Join ESL teacher groups on Facebook or Reddit. Teachers share resources, lesson plans, and creative ideas. I’ve discovered some of my best resources through teacher recommendations rather than Google searches.
Final Thoughts on ESL Teaching Resources
The best resources to teach English as a second language are the ones you actually use consistently and that help your students achieve their goals. A simple textbook used well beats a fancy digital platform used poorly.
Remember that resources are tools, not magic solutions. Even the best ESL materials require an engaged teacher who adapts them to each student’s needs. Your enthusiasm, encouragement, and consistent feedback matter more than any textbook or app.
Start with the core resources I’ve recommended here: a solid textbook series, a few trusted digital platforms, regular listening practice through podcasts or videos, and structured speaking opportunities. As you gain experience, you’ll discover which resources work best for your particular students and teaching style.
Teaching English as a second language isn’t about finding perfect resources. It’s about connecting with students, understanding their struggles, and guiding them toward confidence in using English. The resources simply make that journey more effective and enjoyable.
Give yourself permission to experiment, make mistakes, and adjust your approach. Some resources that work brilliantly for one group of students might fail completely with another group. That’s normal. Keep learning, stay curious, and focus on what actually helps your students speak, understand, and use English in their daily lives.
