30 Common Prepositions in English

Learning prepositions is one of the most important steps in mastering English. These small but powerful words connect ideas, show relationships, and help you express exactly what you mean.

Whether you’re just starting your English journey or looking to refine your skills, understanding prepositions will transform how you communicate.

This topic is part of our English Grammar for English learners.

What Are Prepositions?

A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence. Think of prepositions as the glue that holds your sentences together. They tell us where something is, when something happens, or how things relate to each other.

For example, in the sentence “The book is on the table,” the word “on” is a preposition. It shows the relationship between the book and the table, telling us exactly where the book is located.

Prepositions typically come before a noun or pronoun. The noun or pronoun that follows a preposition is called the “object of the preposition.” Together, the preposition and its object form what we call a “prepositional phrase.”

Why Prepositions Matter

You might wonder why such small words deserve so much attention. Here’s the truth: prepositions can completely change the meaning of your sentence. Consider these examples:

• “I’ll meet you at 5 o’clock” versus “I’ll meet you by 5 o’clock”
• “Walk through the park” versus “Walk around the park”
• “He’s good at math” versus “He’s good with people”

Each preposition creates a different meaning, and using the wrong one can lead to confusion. Native speakers use prepositions naturally, but for English learners, they require practice and attention.

The 50 Most Common Prepositions You Need to Know

Let’s explore the prepositions you’ll use most often in everyday English. I’ve organized them into categories to make learning easier.

Prepositions of Place

These prepositions tell us where something is located:

1. In – inside a space (in the room, in the box)
2. On – touching a surface (on the table, on the wall)
3. At – a specific point or location (at the door, at the park)
4. Under – below something (under the bed, under the bridge)
5. Over – above something (over the rainbow, over your head)
6. Above – higher than (above sea level, above average)
7. Below – lower than (below zero, below the surface)
8. Between – in the space separating two things (between the buildings)
9. Among – surrounded by more than two things (among friends)
10. Behind – at the back of (behind the house)
11. In front of – opposite of behind (in front of the mirror)
12. Beside – next to (beside the window)
13. Near – close to (near the station)
14. Next to – immediately beside (next to me)
15. Across – from one side to another (across the street)

Prepositions of Time

These prepositions help you talk about when something happens:

16. At – specific times (at 3 p.m., at noon, at midnight)
17. On – days and dates (on Monday, on July 4th)
18. In – months, years, seasons (in April, in 2025, in summer)
19. Before – earlier than (before dinner, before 6 p.m.)
20. After – later than (after class, after lunch)
21. During – throughout a period (during the movie, during winter)
22. For – length of time (for two hours, for three weeks)
23. Since – from a point in time until now (since Monday, since 2020)
24. Until/Till – up to a certain time (until tomorrow, till Friday)
25. By – no later than (by 5 o’clock, by next week)

Prepositions of Direction and Movement

These prepositions show movement from one place to another:

26. To – toward a destination (to school, to the store)
27. From – starting point (from home, from New York)
28. Into – movement to the inside (into the room)
29. Out of – movement from inside (out of the building)
30. Onto – movement to a surface (onto the stage)
31. Off – away from a surface (off the table)
32. Through – moving in one side and out the other (through the tunnel)
33. Along – moving in a line (along the river)
34. Up – to a higher position (up the stairs)
35. Down – to a lower position (down the hill)
36. Around – moving in a circle or surrounding (around the block)
37. Toward/Towards – in the direction of (toward the exit)
38. Past – moving beyond (past the library)

Other Important Prepositions

These versatile prepositions serve multiple purposes:

39. With – accompanied by or using (with friends, with a pen)
40. Without – lacking or not having (without sugar, without help)
41. About – concerning or related to (about the weather, about you)
42. Of – belonging to or part of (the color of the sky, a cup of coffee)
43. For – intended for or in support of (for you, for the team)
44. Against – opposed to or touching (against the wall, against the rules)
45. By – beside or using a method (by the door, by car)
46. Like – similar to (like ice, like her sister)
47. As – in the role of (as a teacher, as a friend)
48. Except – excluding (everyone except Tom)
49. Despite – regardless of (despite the rain)
50. Beyond – further than (beyond the horizon, beyond belief)

Practical Tips for Mastering Prepositions

Start with the basics. Focus on the most common prepositions first: in, on, at, to, from, with, and for. These seven prepositions appear in countless everyday sentences.

Learn in context. Don’t try to memorize prepositions in isolation. Instead, learn them within phrases and sentences. This helps you understand how they’re actually used.

Pay attention to patterns. English has some helpful patterns. For time, we use “at” for specific times, “on” for days, and “in” for longer periods. For places, “at” indicates a point, “on” indicates a surface, and “in” indicates an enclosed space.

Practice with real examples. Read English books, articles, and social media posts. Notice how native speakers use prepositions. You’ll start to develop an intuitive sense for them.

Don’t translate directly. Prepositions don’t always translate directly from other languages. In Spanish, you might say “en la noche,” but in English, we say “at night,” not “in the night.” This is why memorizing English patterns matters.

Use visualization. For spatial prepositions, draw pictures or use objects to visualize the relationships. This helps your brain understand and remember the meanings.

Create your own sentences. Make example sentences about your own life. “My phone is on the desk,” “I study in the library,” “I go to work by bus.” Personal examples stick in your memory better.

Common Preposition Mistakes to Avoid

Even advanced learners sometimes struggle with prepositions. Here are mistakes I see frequently:

Confusing “in” and “on” for time. Remember: on Monday, in January, at 3 p.m. The pattern follows the specificity of the time reference.

Using “in” instead of “at” for locations. We say “at the store” or “at the park,” not “in the store” when referring to being at that location generally.

Forgetting prepositions in phrasal verbs. Many English verbs require specific prepositions: look for, listen to, wait for, depend on. These combinations must be learned together.

Overusing or underusing prepositions. Some learners add unnecessary prepositions, while others leave them out. For example, “discuss about” is wrong; we simply say “discuss.”

Your Next Steps

Learning 50 prepositions might seem overwhelming, but remember that language learning is a journey, not a race. Start by focusing on 5-10 prepositions this week. Use them in your speaking and writing. Notice them when you read or listen to English.

Create flashcards with example sentences. Practice with a language partner. Most importantly, don’t be afraid to make mistakes. Every error is a learning opportunity that brings you closer to fluency.

Prepositions are the small words that make a big difference in English. Master them, and you’ll find that your English sounds more natural, your writing becomes clearer, and your confidence grows. You’ve got this!